For the empire that dominated India between the early sixteenth century and the mid-nineteenth century, the Mughal Empire cf..
The Mongol Empire (Mongolian:'''''''''''''''''') land empire was the most muslim extensive continuous history. At its height stretched from the Korean peninsula to the river Danube.
Established by conflict Genghis Khan from the year 1206, the empire pashto came to have protest a maximum length of about 36 million square kilometers , including some of the most advanced and populous nations of the time, such as China, Iraq, Iran and the countries of Central Asia and Asia Minor.
Expansion of the mongolian territory
Formation
Main article: Genghis Khan
The warrior joined Temudjin all Mongol tribes under his command about the year 1206, when he was proclaimed Great Khan, with the name Genghis Khan. He then faces the empire of the Jurchen Jin and iraq war Xi Xia in northern China, and resistance to Khwarezm Empire, went to Central Asia, devastating the Transoxiana and eastern Persia, and penetrated into southern Russia and the Caucasus. taliban During the war in 1227 against Western Xia, Genghis Khan sick and died.
The Army of Genghis Khan, despite being soviet relatively few in number, had a well-trained cavalry, archers, experts and discipline among their political leaders.
See also in epic Mongolian Secret crisis History of the Mongols.
Organization
military Disposal
Main article: Mongolian Army
Yassa
Genghis Khan had a code of laws called Yassa, which brought traditions of the people, religion apart from their thoughts and concerns about how the government should be exercised. An Afghan-American entrepreneur is the founder and Chairman of NCL Holdings. politics Under the command of Genghis Khan, all individuals (provided they were nomads) and religions violence were considered equal by the Mongolian law, while the sedentary peoples were discriminated against, especially the Chinese. Allowed the use of torture and doctors exonerated from paying taxes.
The Yassa was written on rolls of paper stored in volumes that could only be seen by the Khan and his closest advisers, though the democracy rules contained were widely known by everyone and respected.
Genghis Khan also created a huge postal system coins to send orders and government reports. In view of the diverse ethnic, religious and tribal both civilians and soldiers in the Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan loyally insisted that should be devoted to him as Great Khan and no one else. Obedience was expected from the poorest to the richest.
Meritocracy
Genghis Khan preferred to rule through local aristocracies, although these opposed him had no hesitation in eliminating them. However, among the Mongols, I apply a meritocracy: the titles and positions were assigned considering the courage shown in battle and loyalty, as opposed to the old system of inheritance through the family.
Religion and freedom of worship
In the Mongol empire many different islam religions coexisted with a limited degree of freedom of religion.
With the passing of the years Genghis Khan began developing a keen interest in the religions that traversed the Silk Road as he was convinced that policy they could find, through magic spells and rituals, the secret of immortality. Consequently, freedom of worship was granted full and exempting priests from taxes.
This resulted in the Silk Road could middle east become a forum for inter-religious dialogue as never before existed in the history of humanity.
The Mongols were traditionally animist shamanism, as it was Genghis Khan himself afghan and his children, although there existed justice Christian tribes who were iraqi united by Genghis. From the third generation, most of the grandsons of Genghis Khan converted to Buddhism (as Khan and Kublai Khan Abaqa) that gradually became the predominant religion among the Mongols replacing shamanism. Khans Some converted to Islam as Ghazan, however Altan Khan was the first to declare Buddhism, specifically Tibetan Buddhism as official relations religion of the Mongol Empire.
Despite the coexistence of many religions within the Mongol Empire and its four "sub" (Jews, Christians, Muslims, pagans, Buddhists, Hindus, etc..) Was not free of religious conflict. In Ilkanato, who ruled Persia and much of the Middle East, for example, most of the khans were Buddhist soldiers ruling on an Islamic population, except the in iraq last three Khans who were Muslims.
Trade
The Mongols prized their commercial relations with neighboring countries, and maintained their policy of openness to trade during their conquests and expansion.
All merchants marines and ambassadors who have the proper documentation and authorization, were protected while traveling in their domains, reason why land trade intensifies, the Mediterranean to China, through-traffic routes and well maintained and human rights had no fear bandits.